European Social Classes :: essays research papers

An obscure artist in the medieval occasions depicted the three social classes of European culture of his time along these lines: â€Å"One works, one supplicates, and one defends.† Let us look at these social classes, their lives and what part they played in building their Europe. One Toils      The regular spot laborers were alluded to as toilers, since they held the base places of laborers (ranchers, welders, herders, hair stylists). Their lives comprised of regularly changing working assignments that were directed via season and need by predominant authorities (church or political). Their homes were of straightforward structure made of wood outlines, which were loaded down with straw and elastic at that point put over with earth. The rooftop was just covered together. Homes of the more unfortunate had however one room, while others comprised of two, one for eating and exercises and one for dozing. Their food was satisfactory if assets allowed, developed from their own terrace and meat was just expended on uncommon events since it was not promptly accessible. An intriguing truth was that the bread that the workers developed was profoundly nutritious on the grounds that it contained wheat and rye as well as it was likewise made with grain, millet, and oats. T hese grains filled another need too, they were utilized to make beer. Lager was the poor man’s alcohol, and as per records a huge total was devoured and was answerable for a great deal losses of life in medieval court records. With everything taken into account the â€Å"toilers† were a straightforward people, yet in their straightforwardness were the establishment of European for who sewed the garments together to dress the bosses and who developed the food that was taken care of to the bosses. One Prays      This is an undeniable depiction of the church of Europe. A solid case of how significant religion was to Europe was and still is the Gothic Cathedral, it rose loosened up to the sky, representative of the people’s energy for God. The basilica was work through the hands of everybody in the network, some by utilizing their compositional aptitudes, others by giving the required assets for fruition of the venture. Sound administration by the popes, alongside new attributes of strict life, made the Catholic church an intense expert in each region of European citizen’s life. One Defends      The safeguards of Europe, her officers, ever changing the progression of their homeland. The job of patches was clear. As found in the numerous fights that framed Europe.

Business Model Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Plan of action Assessment - Assignment Example vity, for settling emanant properties from inventive exercises and for keeping up the steadiness of these by envisioning incomes (Fuller T, 2010). This shows while it is critical to have a dream and strategic any association, it is likewise similarly essential to guarantee that the equivalent is substantial and made a beeline for a similar bearing. The Business Model Canvas is one of the key administration devices that is fundamental for the advancement of both new, and existing plans of action to guarantee that there is legitimate running of the equivalent. The model can present different offers to guarantee that the foundation, money and clients are totally provided food for in the most ideal manner conceivable. This, as indicated by Osterwalder (2010), encourages an organization to manage the different exchanges offs that are relied upon to be run inside the entire business. Then again, Boyd R. Keenan (Dec, 1961) has been a sharp pundit of the strict after of the different plan of action. The creator feels that there is nobody one of a kind way that the business would have the option to build up a customized answer for every one of its procedures. This implies while the plans of action might be significant, they should be followed with extraordinary consideration as they don't give a one stop answer for all the issues that influence the business. The models ought not be followed aimlessly with a push to accomplishing whatever goals set. This may not be so natural to accomplish. There is have to practice alert with regards to how models are embraced. The plan of action canvas can be spoken to by the outline underneath. This denotes the primary diagram of the canvas model where one needs to embed the different models just to go about as the guide for the said procedure of examination. This area looks to figure out who are in the business and it fuses the structure of the association. It is regularly said that for any business to have the option to play well in the market, their associations are critical. Tapscott and Williams, (2006)

Creating a Successful Term Paper

Creating a Successful Term PaperTerm paper writing has become one of the most important aspects of college education. In fact, it is the basis for all your academic and extracurricular achievements. How will you know how good you are if you cannot complete a term paper? As a term paper writer, you need to come up with compelling ideas and ensure that you incorporate them into a well-written paper that will stand out from the rest.It is not an easy task to write a term paper since you have to have some writing skills. In fact, writing papers for college is no different from writing a novel or a story for publication. Writing in a confined space and on a limited time is hard for most students especially in terms of writing. That is why it is good to make use of the services of a good term paper writer. With the help of a good term paper writer, you can manage to complete your term paper with ease.A term paper writer is basically a professional. Therefore, he needs to have expertise in writing and should be able to meet deadlines set by the school. Since college is an educational institution, they usually ask for certain deadlines. However, this does not mean that you can wait for them without having a deadline. If your school does not let you know about deadlines, then it will mean that your term paper is on hold. This can make your term paper fail to meet deadlines and grades.You should learn how to write a term paper. Your class adviser is also the person who will guide you through the writing process. As a term paper writer, you will be given an assignment for a particular term. The task of a term paper writer is to translate the assignment to a paper. It is vital that you do this well since this assignment is for the next term. Your assignment may not be easy and therefore, you need to make use of writing skills and your creativity in order to succeed.As a term paper writer, you should use the computer to your advantage. You will be able to find a lot of tips that can assist you with writing effectively. These include the use of formal language and developing good grammar. If you want to develop your own skills, you can find video courses that will guide you step by step in creating impressive papers.Remember that every school has their own guidelines when it comes to the designing of a term paper. Therefore, you should always follow these guidelines. For example, if the school asks for a thesis statement for a term paper, you must make sure that you have one ready when you turn to the computer screen for writing.In addition, it is good if you can gather some ideas for your term paper. The best idea that you can use would be to look for good writers. You can use the internet to search for excellent authors and editors who can provide you with the information you need to write a term paper. Aside from this, you can consult with your fellow classmates who can also provide you useful information about the topic.

State Legislators and Their Critical Role of Ensuring Resources Efficiency Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Some legislators a long list of legislation to improve the lives of seniors. They have introduced bills to expand case management services. Other recommendations have been to provide no-interest loans for home modifications and the requirements that those who abuse the elderly be immediately reported. Centers in which seniors dwell require have been required to include emergency operation plans. Many legislators have increased efforts towards building services infrastructure that allows seniors to remain in their own homes. The following are recommendations to legislative officers from the point of view of a legislator. The core helps to state legislators is adequate planning. The United States has a looming crisis since the number of the aged in the group meets an outdated service system. It is significant that there be an institution of comprehensive plans to address the needs of the aging. Funding is also critical to support the essential services. State legislators also need to do their research and get educated. Such materials can be got from offices that are responsible for the formulation of policies in order to give solutions. Building coalitions mean that legislators should combine efforts and bring all parties to the table. We will write a custom essay sample on State Legislators and Their Critical Role of Ensuring Resources Efficiency or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Policymakers lead the way, however, they need support from advocates, service providers, academia, as well as consumers in order to address the needs of an aging population in the US. It will involve a massive investment of time. However, they need to be patient. Legislators should also use the tools that are available to them. Legislators have a high opportunity of drawing attention to both innovative programs and critical areas to ensure that there is service expansion. For example, legislators can hold hearings, town hall meetings, record public service announcements and carry out mail campaigns. Some public health officials who have worked in the health and human services field for an excess of 27 years help legislators on what needs to be dome.

A Novel Memory Forensics Technique For Windows 10

A Novel Memory forensics Technique for Windows 10 Abstract Volatile memory forensics, henceforth referred to as memory forensics, is a subset of digital forensics, which deals with the preservation of the contents of memory of a computing device and the subsequent examination of that memory. The memory of a system typically contains useful runtime information. Such memories are volatile, causing the contents of memory to rapidly decay once no longer supplied with power. Using memory forensic techniques, it is possible to extract an image of the system’s memory while it is still running, creating a copy that can be examined at a later point in time, even after the system has been turned off and the data contained within the original RAM has dissipated. This paper describe the implementation of the technique that collect volatile artifacts extracted from the RAM dump and Hibernation file of Windows 10 operating system and shows the extracted data of various process of the system. Keywords: Windows forensics, Memory forensics, Volatile data, Volatile digital evidence 1. Introduction The use of memory forensic allows the creation of a snapshot of a system at a particular point in time, known as a memory image. Memory typically contains that information which is never written to disk. Memory forensic allows the extraction of various types of forensically significant information that would have been disappeared when the system was turned off. Such information can include runningShow MoreRelatedCapgras Delusion2260 Words   |  10 Pagesgiving the face its emotional significance is damaged. The only way patients make sense of the absence of this emotional arousal is to form the belief that the person he is looking at is an imposter [8]. Bauer (1984), using a technique normally employed in forensic lie detection, noted that the prosopagnosic patient revealed elevated skin-conductance responses (SCR) to previously familiar faces even though he could not consciously identify them. Normal individuals show reduced SCR to familiarRead MoreMobile Phone Has Turned Into The Eye Catching Business For Criminals5499 Words   |  22 Pagesbusiness for criminals. There ought to be a dependable technique for protecting the instrument from thieves. Our paper proposes another inventive, reliable, nitwit confirmation security measure for phones developing voice acknowledgment and fingerprint acknowledgment. Our proposition requests neither outer equipment nor additional expense. The above strategies have no hardship for the client dissimilar to the present security systems. This technique can be received all around in all models of cell phonesRead MoreCloud Computing Security67046 Words   |  269 Pages................................................................ 89 Domain 9: Incident Response ............................................................................................................... ............................... 93 Domain 10: Application Security ........................................................................................................................................ 103 Domain 11: Encryption and Key Management ............................................Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagespublisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 ExamView  ® and ExamViewRead MoreRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide50668 Words   |  203 Pagesassists users and administrators in learning the processes and practices of securing workstations and servers against local and remote intrusion, exploitation and malicious activity. Focused on Red Hat Enterprise Linux but detailing concepts and techniques valid for all Linux systems, this guide details the planning and the tools involved in creating a secured computing environment for the data center, workplace, and home. With proper administrative knowledge, vigilance, and tools, systems runningRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesissued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademar k ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN-13: 978-0-273-68774-0 ISBN-10: 0-273-68774-3 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Visitors and Crowd Behaviour Management

Question: Discuss about the Visitors and Crowd Behaviour Management. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of the current article is to evaluate the tourist behaviour in the light of spa-going activities in the Asia. Moreover, the present article seeks to assess the corpus of travel blogs regarding the spa experiences in the South East Asia, especially in the Philippines and Thailand. Health and wellness tourism products offered by the Asian countries are described in the current study. Approach: A systematic method of blog searching has been involved in the current study. However, a secondary data collection process needs to employ authentic data sources (Panchal, 2014). Thus, the researcher has used official blogs to identify the potential data regarding the particular tourism approach. Methods: The secondary and qualitative research method has been employed in the current study. Key findings: The key findings attained from the blog states that the majority of the people travelled to Thailand and Philippine experienced a positive feeling during the spa treatment. The findings also include that physical, social and psychological dimensions, which had generated pleasure during the treatment. The multidimensional approach to the wellness has been potentially incorporated in the current study. However, the study lacks from gathering adequate primary data, which could have given the better output of the research. Aim of the article: The first objective of the article is to identify the importance of health as a travel motive in the career travel pattern. Also, the second aim of the work is to assess the role of different travel experience to alter the importance of health as a travel motive of the global customers. Approach: A descriptive research method has been chosen by the researcher while conducting the study. The Connell (2006) has tried to report one segment of an integrated opinion regarding the benefit of health tourism. Methods: A quantitative data collection was involved in the study. A sum of 336 survey questionnaire was sent to the customers, and the impact of health tourism had been gathered from 92% of the respondents. Key findings: Novelty and relaxation were found as the primary motives for the medical tourism. The Pearce and Panchal (2011) also identified that self-actualization and personal development patterns are the reasons for less experienced persons than the experienced travellers. All in all, two set aims of the study have been justified by the authors. However, more secondary research could have given better understanding regarding the study. Aim of the article: The objective of the article is to evaluate how a life cycle approach could help in analysing the tourism development in the Xinjiang, China. Approach: A mixte method approach with a variety of primary and secondary sources have been followed in the study. Yang et al. (2014) stated that data triangulation had enabled the researcher to attain afruitful outcome regarding the current context. Methods: Survey questionnaire had been sent to the primary participants. Along with this, an ethnogtaphic approach has been followed to gather the secondary data from different communities as well. Key findings: Results indicate that scenic area has experienced exploration, involvement and the development stages. However, the tourism tension cannot be ignored. Thus, more improvements are required. Conclusion The overall analysis has been made in a professional way. Although the collection of secondary and primary data has helped to attain secured outcome of the study, mores secondary analysis could have given a better understanding regarding age current context. References: Connell, J. (2006) Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and... surgery. Tourism At lallageme J1t, 27, pp. 1093-1100 Panchal, J.H. (2014) Perceived benefits of spa experiences: Tourist insights from the Blogosphere, International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 14(3), pp. 4769 Pearce, P.L. and Panchal, J. (2011) Health motives and the Travel Career Pattern (TCP) Model, Asian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5 (11), pp. 32-44 Yang, J., Ryan, C. and Zhang, L. (2014) Sustaining culture and seeking a just destination: Governments, power and tension a life-cycle approach to analysing tourism development in an ethnic-inhabited scenic area in Xinjiang, china, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(8), pp. 11511174.

To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Essay Childhood should be a time of great learning, curiosity, joy, playfulness and guiltlessness. The reality is that it can be a time of extreme vulnerability and dependency. The innocence and fragility of a child is easily manipulated and abused if not nurtured and developed. Family relationships are crucial in the flourishing of young minds, but other childhood associations are important too. These include school life, friends, play and peer-group. Both novels portray these factors and their effects on the character formation of their subjects, to some extent and, show that growing up can be a painful process greatly accelerated by the events that the children encounter. Scout and Jem are the daughter and son of Atticus Finch, a widowed lawyer based in Maycomb, twenty miles from Finchs Landing the family plot. They are a white, middle class family who have a black cook/housekeeper. Their story is written in To Kill a Mocking Bird, which was published in 1960. Its author, Harper Lee, was a white woman who incorporated many of her own childhood experiences into the book. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She too came from a small, sleepy town in Alabama, her own father was a lawyer and her childhood friend was Trueman Capote, from whom she drew inspiration for Scout and Jems friend Dill. Perhaps the most influential of the events that occurred during Lees childhood was the Scottsboro Trials, where nine innocent young black men were accused of raping two white women. This was undoubtedly the inspiration for the climax of the novel, the rape trial of Tom Robinson. Lee wrote the novel in the late 1950s at the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement in America. It was a time of great racial tension and trouble. Over a decade later Toni Morrison, a black woman, published her novel The Bluest Eye. By this time the Civil Rights movement had affected great advances in the freedom granted to black people, but discrimination was still widespread. The popular culture of the time was seen to uphold a standard for female beauty, which was white, blond haired, and blue eyed. This of course precluded all black women and was the cause of the formation of the Black Pride movement. Morrison remembered an incident from her childhood, when one of her school friends said she wanted blue eyes. She couldnt, at the time, understand why her friend did not see herself as beautiful, but when she had grown up it became clear. Her friend had learnt racial self-loathing from an early age. This was to be the major theme of Morrisons novel. It has a similar small town setting to that of To Kill a Mocking Bird. Lorain, Ohio (Morrisons hometown), still struggled at the end of the depression, when money and jobs were scarce. In contrast to Lees novel though, its main protagonists the MacTeer and Breedlove families are poor and black and are trying to survive in any way they can. While Scout and Jems father Atticus has a good job and they live in a nice house, Frieda and Claudia MacTeer and their friend Pecola Breedlove, the central characters in The Bluest Eye, live somewhat differently. Claudia describes their home: Our house is old, cold, and green. At night a kerosene lamp lights one large room. The others are braced in darkness, peopled by roaches and mice. (The Bluest Eye, P. 5) Morrison impresses on the reader from the outset how the children were affected by their surroundings. She introduces a dark, almost menacing tone that permeates the book. In contrast, Lees novel, despite also being set in a depression and featuring prejudice and gross injustice, is much lighter in mood, more sanguine in tone. Describing her town and its slow pace Scout comments: There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. But it was a time of vague optimism for some of the people (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P. 6) The narrator in each of the novels is a female, nine-year-old child, who is also a character in the book. Morrison has chosen Claudia MacTeer, one of the witnesses to Pecolas plight, as the first person narrator of the novel. This would have enabled her to show, from the childs point of view, how their lives were impacted by the devaluing of their self-esteem by the harmful concept of believing the popular view of what was beautiful, and the rape of Pecola. Lee uses Scout Finch as her narrator and she too is written in the first person. This gives the reader an inside view of unfolding events in the novels, as Claudia and Scout appear to address you directly. The children in each book are introduced in vastly different ways. Claudia is grown up and remembering back to her childhood and the nai ve thinking of her sister Frieda and herself. Quiet as its kept, there were no marigolds in the fall of 1941. We thought, at the time, that it was because Pecola was having her fathers baby that the marigolds did not grow. (The Bluest Eye, P3) These opening sentences are shocking and alert the reader to the fact that a serious case of incestuous child abuse has taken place. The oppression of children is one of the themes Morrison deals with. Claudia continues: We had dropped our seeds in our own little plot of black dirt just as Pecolas father had dropped his seeds in his own plot of black dirt. (The Bluest Eye, P3) With these words the second of Morrisons major themes was established, that of internalised racism, i. e. how a race would begin to believe the stereotypes about themselves and imagine that their fair skinned neighbours are superior to them in beauty, morality or intelligence. By indirectly calling her black dirt, Morrison was showing us what Pecola thought of herself. In contrast to this harrowing opening to her novel, Harper Lee introduces Scout and Jem in a lighter, chatty, and informal way. Nevertheless, she does refer indirectly to a frightening experience when Bob Ewell, the father of the girl who had accused Tom Robinson of rape, physically attacked both of them. When he was nearly thirteen my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow. When it healed, and Jems fears of never being able to play football were assuaged, he was seldom self-conscious about his injury. (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P. ) It is interesting to note that both novels begin with a memory from childhood referring to a dreadful time and show the long-term effects this can have on the lives of those involved. Pecolas pregnancy predominates Claudias early childhood memories, whilst Scout remembers the time when Jem suffered a broken arm and all the connotations that brought. As the main characters in these novels are children, it is understandable that the dominant parental figure is going to be the mother and this is the case for Claudia and Frieda. .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 , .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .postImageUrl , .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 , .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:hover , .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:visited , .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:active { border:0!important; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:active , .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153 .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc5c8dee4f6481297c8f9b7a705bd153:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bluest Eye EssayTheir father is within the family circle, but is portrayed as distant from the children. Similarly, the main parental interaction with Pecola and Sammy in the Breedlove household is from Pauline Breedlove. Cholly, their father, is a dominating force in the family, but in a more menacing way and he takes little to do with the children having no example to follow himself, as his own father had abandoned his mother. The Finch family, by contrast, is led by Atticus because the childrens mother is dead. He is the lynchpin of the family and most of the childrens experiences are shaped and guided by him. It is not clear why Lee does not include a mother figure, but certainly their black cook Calpurnia adds richness to the story and is an influential character for Scout and Jem. Just as the family hierarchies are different, the interaction between the parents and the children are as well. We learn early in The Bluest Eye the kind of relationship Claudia and Frieda have with their parents. Claudia comments that: Adults do not talk to us they give us directions. They issue orders without providing information. When we trip and fall down they glance at us; if we cut or bruise ourselves, they ask us are we crazy. When we catch colds, they shake their heads in disgust at our lack of consideration. How they ask us, do you expect anybody to get anything done if you all are sick? (The Bluest Eye, P5/6) Is this really as cold and unfeeling as it sounds? Their parents were burdened down with worries about money for food and the basic survival of the family. This spilled over into their dealings with the girls, which was almost detached giving the children no voice. Certainly it had a major effect on Claudia and Frieda. When Pecola takes her period while staying at the MacTeers house, they try to deal with it themselves instead of going to Mrs MacTeer. When Claudia gets a chest infection she says, No-one speaks to me or asks me how I am. When she vomits over the bed and her mother complains that she didnt try to avoid the bedclothes, she remarks: My mothers anger humiliates me; her words chafe my cheeks, and I am crying. I do not know that she is not angry at me, but at my sickness. I believe she despises my weakness for letting the sickness take holt. By and by I will not get sick; I will refuse to. But for now I am crying. (The Bluest Eye, P7) In retrospect Claudia as narrator realises that whilst the experience may have been painful at the time, the care her mother gave her served to show her that she was loved and her abiding memory of that time was a positive one. So when I think of autumn, I think of somebody with hands who does not want me to die. (The Bluest Eye, P. 7) Interestingly, when she is reminiscing she refers to her mother as somebody, with perhaps the same kind of detached affection she had been raised with. Although their relationship with their father was distant, he reacted immediately on hearing that the lodger Mr Henry had abused Frieda. He beats her abuser up and actually shoots at him. Distressing and confusing as this experience was, (she heard someone say she was ruined but did not know what this meant, it showed Frieda that she was protected and cared for. Scout and Jem have a warmer more interactive relationship with their father. Scout tells us: Jem and I found our father satisfactory: he played with us, read to us, and treated us with courteous detachment. (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P. ) After reading the novel it is hard to agree that Atticus treated the children with courteous detachment. Unlike the MacTeer parents, he talks to his children giving them a forum to air their views and build close relationships and also allaying their fears and worries when necessary. Scout and Jem would run to meet their father every night as he walked home from work and he would lift his daughter on to his shoulders and carry her home in this way. Would a detached father allow his daughter to sit on his lap every night while he reads the paper as Atticus did? Scout reminises: I could not remember when the lines above Atticuss moving finger separated into words, but I had stared at them all the evenings in my memory when I crawled into his lap every night. (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P. 19/20) Undoubtedly the most destructive relationships from either novel are dealt with in the Breedlove family. Both parents abused their children in one form or another, be it mental cruelty or physical and, ultimately sexual abuse. They also abused each other. The relationship between Pauline and Cholly, which began well, became a violent one. Cholly and Mrs Breedlove fought each other with a darkly brutal formalism, that was paralleled only by their lovemaking. Tacitly they had agreed not to kill each other. (The Bluest Eye, P. 32) The effects of this fighting left Pecola fearful and withdrawn and she prayed that she might disappear. Apart from the introduction to the book, we first meet Pecola when she is placed in the MacTeer household because her father had burned their house down and the family had nowhere to go. Pauline Breedlove thought of Pecola as an ugly child and the behaviour she demonstrated towards her was a reflection of this. She described her thus: A cross between a puppy and a dying man. But I knowed she was ugly. Head full of pretty hair, but Lord she was ugly. (The Bluest Eye, P. 97/98) The one relationship that should have nurtured Pecola, instead left her feeling insecure and unloved. She grew up believing she was unlovable and as everyone seemed to cherish blue eyed, blonde haired girls, she started to dream of having the blue eyes that would help people to love her. The damage done to her self-esteem was reinforced powerfully by an incident in Pauline Breedloves workplace. Pecola had to go to the house were her mother was housekeeper to collect some washing. The daughter of that comfortable home was blonde with blue eyes and Pauline doted on her. When Pecola accidentally spilled a berry cobbler on the floor, burning her legs in the process, her mother reacted violently: In one gallop she was on Pecola, and with the back of her hand knocked her to the floor. Pecola slid in the pie juice, one leg folding under her. Mrs Breedlove yanked her up by the arm, slapped her again, and in a voice thin with anger, abused Pecola directly (The Bluest Eye, P. 84) But perhaps the worst thing about the whole incident was that as Pecola, Frieda and Claudia walked away they could hear Pauline console and comfort the pretty little white girl. The attitude of Calpurnia, the black cook in Lees novel is very different from Pauline Breedlove. She has not favour them because of the colour of their skin and has no hesitation in doling out discipline to Scout and Jem when necessary, with the full trust and backing of Atticus. Harper Lee has purposefully written this character as an intelligent and self assured black woman who knows her own worth as a person. .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f , .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .postImageUrl , .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f , .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:hover , .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:visited , .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:active { border:0!important; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:active , .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d3837efce72ac023cfbc4192eee212f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The poem 'February 17th' EssayLater in a reflective moment Pauline said she loved the children but that: Sometimes Id catch myself hollering at them and beating them, and Id feel sorry for them, but I couldnt seem to stop. (The Bluest Eye, P. 96) Pecola herself gives us a hint of the sexual abuse to come when she is walking home from school with Claudia, Frieda and Maureen. The latter asks her if she has ever seen a naked man. Pecola is described as agitated and says: Nobodys father would be naked in front of his own daughter. Not unless he was dirty too. (The Bluest Eye, P. 55) Maureen had not mentioned her father, so obviously something had been happening at home that is only hinted at. Her eventual rape by Cholly, disbelief from her mother and the resulting pregnancy and loss of the baby are what tip Pecola over the edge into madness. She goes to see a local healer and requests blue eyes and she believes him when he tells her that her wish has been granted. Her only resistance to the abuse she has suffered has been to withdraw from a terrifying world into one of her own making. The very adults who should have been her protectors failed this poor, powerless little girl in every respect. To get her message across, Morrison has taken Pecolas story to an extreme conclusion. One of the interesting contrasts between the novels is that The Bluest Eye is notable for its complete absence of humour, fun and play in its main characters. This absence of the most basic of childhood pleasures is stark. No doubt this was a deliberate omission on the part of Morrison to add to the tragic mood of the book. The elements of play are mentioned, for example, at Christmas Claudia describes getting a doll. However, this is used to show how subtly the standard of beauty was impressed onto the minds of black children from very young. All the dolls were white and had blue eyes. Claudia was able to resist this indoctrination but other children, like Pecola, obviously could not. The result is that the novel could not be termed as an easy read and is quite depressing. On the contrary, Harper Lee paints a very normal picture of childhood. Scout, Jem and their friend Dill are regularly described as acting out characters from books they have read, playing football or just reading. The elements of play are mentioned in the novel too, Jem buys a twirling baton for Scout and a miniature steam engine for himself. The language used by the characters in the books is another major difference. Claudia, Frieda and Pecola speak in dialect, which reinforces their colour and to a certain extent their poverty. By contrast Scout and Jem are very literate children whose diction is very precise, having being brought up on proper and concise language from babies. Jem and I were accustomed to our fathers last-will-and-testament diction, and we were at all times free to interrupt Atticus for a translation when it was beyond our understanding. (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P. 35) A point to note is that it is easier for Atticus to place importance on a good standard of education than it is for the MacTeers or the Breedloves, because he has been able to provide Scout and Jem their basic needs. ) One of the most notable characters in terms of diction in Lees novel is Calpurnia. She is atypical of the black person in both books. Lee does not write her in dialect until she visits her home church, where she reverts to it. This puzzles Scout and Jem and they quiz her on this. Her answer is illuminating: Suppose you and Scout talked coloured-folks talk at home itd be out of place, wouldnt it? Now what if I talked white-folks talk at church, and with my neighbours? Theyd think I was puttin on airs to beat Moses. (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P. 139) Lee is making the point that speaking in dialect does not mean that a black person is less intelligent. Calpurnia chooses how to speak to suit the company she is with. Another notable difference in the novels is the influence that other adults have on the children. The children of Morrisons book have no real verbal interaction with any adult other than their own parents and as we have already seen, these are scant indeed. Other adults are mentioned, for example the shopkeeper who sells Pecola sweets and the mother of a boy from her school, but their attitudes only serve to denigrate this little girl. Lees novel has incorporated a rich variety of adult life that regularly interact with Scout and Jem, from Mrs Dubose, the terminally ill old woman to Miss Maudie the neighbour who serves as a confidant to Scout. These all, in their own way, serve to develop the thinking and morality of the children. The absence of this role in The Bluest Eye seems to emphasise the vulnerability and powerlessness in its characters. The novels The Bluest Eye and To Kill a Mocking Bird could be described as social novels as they deal with issues, which were exceedingly relevant to what was happening in society as a whole, and both authors wanted to comment on that. They also dealt with the more vulnerable in society, the children. Toni Morrison tells us in the Afterword to the book that her aim was to address the issue of racial self-loathing and she chose the weakest member of society, a little black girl, to portray this. She is successful at achieving her aim, writing a gritty and disturbing story, which is depressingly sad to read and very tragic, but extremely powerful because of that. She doesnt present a balanced view of childhood, i. e. her lack of play is almost total in the book, but I believe she does this deliberately in order to get her stark message across. In contrast, Harper Lees novel tells a different story, from a white perspective and easier circumstances. She portrays childhood in a more balanced, and easy to read way. The character of the narrator Scout is infused with wit and humour and she paints pictures of lazy summer days at play, while still managing to deal with the rape trial and its aftermath. Her characters develop throughout the novel by a series of moralistic encounters with neighbours and family, until by the end of the novel Scout realises that they have learnt so much and remarks: As I made my way home, I though Jem and I would get grown but there wasnt much else left for us to learn, except possibly algebra. (To Kill a Mocking Bird, P308) Lee certainly gets her point across but does so in a gentler, less harrowing way.